项目名称： “苗带紧行间松”合理耕层土壤结构特征及其调控机制

项目编号： No.31501248

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 郑洪兵

作者单位： 吉林省农业科学院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 土壤结构是土壤功能的基础，决定土壤功能。而土壤耕作的目的是通过采取合理的耕作方式创造良好的土壤结构，充分发挥土壤功能优势，为根系提供良好的生长环境，进而促进作物生长发育，提高作物产量，同时保育土壤。但目前东北生产上长期由于不合理的耕作方式导致土壤耕层“浅、实、少、薄、低、弱”，土壤“体质”下降，结构恶化，功能失衡，影响作物生长发育，制约产量的提高。然而，通过耕作措施创建合理耕层结构是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。本研究通过微区试验（人工模拟）、定位试验（1983年）和大田试验，采用医用CT和SRμ-CT分别扫描土体和团聚体结构，深入研究“苗带紧行间松”耕层土壤结构特征，明确与土壤理化性质及根系生长特性之间的关系，从土壤结构与功能层面揭示其对耕层调控作用，进一步探明土壤结构—功能—根系之间的互作机理，为构建合理耕层结构与创制适宜的耕作方法提供理论基础，为促进农业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

中文关键词： “苗带紧行间松”耕作；土壤结构；合理耕层；调控机制；土壤理化性质

英文摘要： It is well known that soil structure is the basis of soil function and influenced on it. However, the aims of soil tillage create good structures and motivate the function advantages in order to offer the comfortable soil environments for the growth of crop roots by means of adopting the optimal tillage methods. Therefore, the crop growths are enhanced and the crop yields are improved because of heath roots in soil environment. Meanwhile, the soil is protected for the views of sustainable agricultural development.. At present, available soil tillage layers become shallow, tillage pan layers become hardness, soil quantity is significantly reduced, black soil layer become thinner and thinner, soil organic matter is declined quickly, soil quality is lower and lower and make soil keep soil water and fertilizer worse. For those reasons, soil qualities are declined, soil structures are damaged and functions are disappeared. Those conditions produce adverse effect on the crop growth and restrained the increase of yield. However, the best way to solve the problem is that the optimal tillage layer structure is designed and created through adopting the good and benefit tillage method.. The objectives of our experiment will assess the soil structure characteristics under compact seedbed and loose ridge furrow alternative tillage (CSLRFAT) through the Micro area experiment, located experiment and field experiment by means of adopting the CT and SRμ-CT Scan Devices. The relationship of soil structure, physical and chemical properties and root characteristics will be studied. The mechanisms of tillage layer regulated under CSLRFAT will be revealed from the views of soil structure and function. Mechanisms of soil structure-function-root interaction will be revealed on basis of the system experiments. The study results will offer the theoretical basis for constructing the optimal tillage layers and designing the useful tillage methods. Meanwhile, those will offer the scientific basis for enhancing the sustainable agricultural development.

英文关键词： Compact Seedbed and Loose Ridge Furrow alternative Tillage;Soil Structure;Ooptimal Tillage Layer;Regulating Mechanism;Physical and Chemical Property