The prominence of artificial intelligence and machine learning in everyday life has led to efforts to foster AI literacy for all K-12 students. In this paper, we review how Hour of Code activities engage with the five big ideas of AI, in particular with machine learning and societal impact. We found that a large majority of activities focus on perception and machine learning, with little attention paid to representation and other topics. A surprising finding was the increased attention paid to critical aspects of computing. However, we also observed a limited engagement with hands-on activities. In the discussion, we address how future introductory activities could be designed to offer a broader array of topics, including the development of tools to introduce novices to artificial intelligence and machine learning and the design of more unplugged and collaborative activities.

翻译：人工智能和机器学习在日常生活中的日益凸显，促使人们致力于培养所有K-12阶段学生的人工智能素养。本文通过审视“编程一小时”活动如何与人工智能五大核心理念——特别是机器学习与社会影响——产生关联。研究发现，绝大多数活动聚焦于感知与机器学习领域，而对表征及其他主题的关注明显不足。一个令人意外的发现是，活动对计算批判性维度的关注度有所提升。然而，我们也观察到实践活动参与度的局限性。在讨论环节，我们探讨了未来入门活动应如何设计以涵盖更广泛的主题，包括开发面向初学者的AI/ML入门工具，以及设计更多无需设备支持的协作型活动。