The automotive domain is shifting to software-centric development to meet regulation, market pressure, and feature velocity. This shift increases embedded systems' complexity and strains testing capacity. Despite relevant standards, a coherent system-testing methodology that spans heterogeneous, legacy-constrained toolchains remains elusive, and practice often depends on individual expertise rather than a systematic strategy. We derive challenges and requirements from a systematic literature review (SLR), complemented by industry experience and practice. We map them to test case specification techniques and testing tools, evaluating their suitability for automotive testing using PRISMA. Our contribution is a curated catalog that supports technique/tool selection and can inform future testing frameworks and improvements. We synthesize nine recurring challenge areas across the life cycle, such as requirements quality and traceability, variability management, and toolchain fragmentation. We then provide a prioritized criteria catalog that recommends model-based planning, interoperable and traceable toolchains, requirements uplift, pragmatic automation and virtualization, targeted AI and formal methods, actionable metrics, and lightweight organizational practices.

翻译：汽车领域正转向以软件为中心的开发模式，以满足法规要求、市场压力和功能迭代速度。这一转变增加了嵌入式系统的复杂性，并对测试能力造成压力。尽管存在相关标准，但跨异构且受遗留系统约束的工具链的连贯系统测试方法仍然难以实现，实践中往往依赖个人经验而非系统化策略。我们通过系统文献综述（SLR）并结合行业经验与实践，归纳出挑战与需求。我们将这些挑战映射到测试用例规范技术与测试工具，使用PRISMA方法评估其对汽车测试的适用性。我们的贡献是一个精选目录，支持技术/工具选择，并可为未来测试框架和改进提供参考。我们综合了贯穿生命周期的九个常见挑战领域，例如需求质量与可追溯性、变体管理以及工具链碎片化。随后我们提供了一个优先级标准目录，推荐基于模型的规划、可互操作且可追溯的工具链、需求提升、实用自动化与虚拟化、针对性人工智能与形式化方法、可操作的度量指标以及轻量级组织实践。