The Viterbi & Viterbi (V&V) algorithm is well understood for QPSK and 16-QAM, but modifications are required for higher-order modulation formats. We present an approach to extend the standard V&V algorithm for higher-order modulation formats by modifying the transmit constellation with geometric constellation shaping.

翻译：Viterbi & Viterbi（V&V）算法在QPSK和16-QAM中已得到充分研究，但对于高阶调制格式则需要进行修改。我们提出了一种通过几何星座整形修改发射星座图，从而将标准V&V算法扩展至高阶调制格式的方法。