The integration of Terrestrial Networks (TN) and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) plays a crucial role in bridging the digital divide and enabling Sixth Generation (6G) and beyond to achieve truly ubiquitous connectivity. However, combining TN and NTN introduces significant energy challenges due to the diverse characteristics and operational environments of these systems. In this paper, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of the design challenges associated with achieving Net-Zero energy targets in integrated TN and NTN systems. We outline a set of key enabling technologies that can support the energy demands of such networks while aligning with Net-Zero objectives. To enhance the Energy Efficiency (EE) of integrated TN and NTN systems, we provide a use case analysis that leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) to deliver adaptable solutions across diverse deployment scenarios. Finally, we highlight promising research directions that can guide the sustainable evolution of integrated TN and NTN.

翻译：地面网络（TN）与非地面网络（NTN）的融合在弥合数字鸿沟、实现第六代（6G）及更先进通信系统真正无处不在的连接方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，由于这些系统在特性与运行环境上的显著差异，整合TN与NTN带来了严峻的能源挑战。本文首次全面阐述了在集成TN与NTN系统中实现净零能耗目标所面临的设计挑战，并系统梳理了一系列能够支撑此类网络能源需求、同时符合净零目标的关键使能技术。为提升集成TN与NTN系统的能效（EE），我们通过用例分析展示了如何利用人工智能（AI）为多样化部署场景提供自适应解决方案。最后，本文指出了若干具有前景的研究方向，以引导集成TN与NTN系统的可持续发展。