This study aims to investigate the influence of cross-border recruitment program in China, which confers scientists with a 'talent hat' including a startup package comprising significant bonuses, pay, and funding, on their future performance and career development. By curating a unique dataset from China's 10-year talent recruitment program, we employed multiple matching designs to quantify the effects of the cross-border recruitment with 'talent hat' on early career STEM scholars. Our findings indicate that the cross-border talents perform better than their comparable contenders who move without talent hats and those who do not move, given equivalent scientific performance before relocation. Moreover, we observed that scholars in experimental fields derive greater benefits from the talent program than those in non-experimental fields. Finally, we investigated how the changes in scientific environment of scientists affect their future performance. We found that talents who reassembled their collaboration network with new collaborators in new institutions after job replacement experienced significant improvements in their academic performance. However, shifting research directions entails risks, which results in a subsequent decrease of future productivity and citation impact following the relocation. This study has significant implications for young scientists, research institutions, and governments concerning cultivating cross-border talents.

翻译：本研究旨在探究中国跨境人才引进计划（为科学家提供包含巨额奖金、薪酬及科研启动经费的"人才帽子"）对其未来科研绩效与职业发展的影响。通过构建中国十年期人才引进计划独特数据集，我们采用多重匹配设计量化了"人才帽子"型跨境引才对早期职业生涯理工科研究者的作用效果。研究结果表明：在迁移前科研绩效相当的前提下，获得"人才帽子"的跨境人才表现显著优于未获人才帽子的同类迁移者及未迁移者。进一步发现，实验领域学者从人才计划中获益程度显著高于非实验领域学者。最后，我们通过分析科学家科研环境变化对其未来绩效的影响机制，发现更换工作后在新机构重建合作网络的学者学术表现显著提升，但转变研究方向存在风险，这将导致迁移后论文产出与引用影响力的持续下降。本研究对青年科学家、科研机构及政府部门的跨境人才培养具有重要启示意义。