The success of open source software (OSS) projects relies on voluntary contributions from various community roles.Being a committer signifies gaining trust and higher privileges. Substantial studies have focused on the requirements of becoming a committer, but most of them are based on interviews or several hypotheses, lacking a comprehensive understanding of committers' qualifications.We explore both the policies and practical implementations of committer qualifications in modern top OSS communities. Through a thematic analysis of these policies, we construct a taxonomy of committer qualifications, consisting of 26 codes categorized into nine themes, including Personnel-related to Project, Communication, and Long-term Participation. We also highlight the variations in committer qualifications emphasized in different OSS community governance models. For example, projects following the core maintainer model value project comprehension, while projects following the company-backed model place significant emphasis on user issue resolution. Then, we propose eight sets of metrics and perform survival analysis on two representative OSS projects to understand how these qualifications are implemented in practice. We find that the probability of gaining commit rights decreases as participation time passes.The selection criteria in practice are generally consistent with the community policies. Developers who submit high-quality code, actively engage in code review, and make extensive contributions to related projects are more likely to be granted commit rights. However, there are some qualifications that do not align precisely, and some are not adequately evaluated. This study contributes to the understanding of trust establishment in modern top OSS communities, assists communities in better allocating commit rights, and supports developers in achieving self-actualization through OSS participation.

翻译：开源软件项目的成功依赖于来自不同社区角色的自愿贡献。成为提交者意味着获得了信任和更高权限。已有研究虽关注成为提交者的条件，但多数基于访谈或假设，缺乏对提交者资格的综合理解。我们探索了现代顶级开源社区中提交者资格的政策与实践。通过对这些政策的主题分析，我们构建了一个包含26个编码、归类为九大主题的提交者资格分类体系，涵盖项目相关人员、沟通及长期参与等方面。我们还强调了不同开源社区治理模型中提交者资格的差异：例如，采用核心维护者模式的项目更重视项目理解，而公司支持模式的项目则重点考量用户问题解决能力。随后，我们提出了八组评估指标，并对两个代表性开源项目进行生存分析，以探究这些资格在实际中的实施情况。研究发现，获得提交权限的概率随时间推移而降低；实践中的选拔标准与社区政策总体一致，提交高质量代码、积极参与代码审查、对相关项目做出广泛贡献的开发者更易获得提交权限。但部分资格与政策存在偏差，且某些资格未得到充分评估。本研究有助于理解现代顶级开源社区中的信任建立机制，协助社区更合理地分配提交权限，并支持开发者通过参与开源实现自我价值。