Computing is an indispensable component of nearly all technologies and is ubiquitous for vast segments of society. It is also essential to discoveries and innovations in most disciplines. However, while past grand challenges in science have involved computing as one of the tools to address the challenge, these challenges have not been principally about computing. Why has the computing community not yet produced challenges at the scale of grandeur that we see in disciplines such as physics, astronomy, or engineering? How might we go about identifying similarly grand challenges? What are the grand challenges of computing that transcend our discipline's traditional boundaries and have the potential to dramatically improve our understanding of the world and positively shape the future of our society? There is a significant benefit in us, as a field, taking a more intentional approach to "grand challenges." We are seeking challenge problems that are sufficiently compelling as to both ignite the imagination of computer scientists and draw researchers from other disciplines to computational challenges. This paper emphasizes the importance, now more than ever, of defining and pursuing grand challenges in computing as a field, and being intentional about translation and realizing its impacts on science and society. Building on lessons from prior grand challenges, the paper explores the nature of a grand challenge today emphasizing both scale and impact, and how the community may tackle such a grand challenge, given a rapidly changing innovation ecosystem in computing. The paper concludes with a call to action for our community to come together to define grand challenges in computing for the next decade and beyond.

翻译：计算是几乎所有技术不可或缺的组成部分，在社会各领域普遍存在。它也是大多数学科发现与创新的关键要素。然而，尽管过去科学领域的重大挑战曾将计算作为解决问题的工具之一，但这些挑战本质上并非以计算为核心。为何计算领域尚未产生如物理学、天文学或工程学中那般宏大的挑战？我们应如何识别类似级别的重大挑战？哪些计算领域的重大挑战能够超越本学科传统边界，并有可能显著提升我们对世界的理解、积极塑造社会未来？作为一门学科，我们采取更具战略性的"重大挑战"方法将带来显著效益。我们寻求那些足够引人入胜的挑战性问题，既能激发计算机科学家的想象力，又能吸引其他学科研究者投身计算挑战。本文强调，在当前时代，定义并追求计算领域的重大挑战，并系统性地推动其科学与社会影响的转化，比以往任何时候都更为重要。基于以往重大挑战的经验教训，本文探讨了当代重大挑战兼具规模性与影响力的本质特征，并分析了在计算创新生态快速演变的背景下，学界应如何应对此类重大挑战。文章最后呼吁计算学界凝聚共识，共同定义未来十年乃至更长时间的计算领域重大挑战。