Recurrent events and repeated measures are commonly encountered in clinical longitudinal studies, often holding strong associations with patient outcomes. Although joint models for repeated measures, recurrent events, and a terminal event have been developed to account for their correlation, limited methodologies exist to examine causal mediation mechanisms involving multiple types of mediators, especially when mediators are causally related. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel causal mediation analysis framework to quantify natural direct and indirect effects when both recurrent events and repeated measures act as mediators with causal dependencies. We extend joint modeling approaches by incorporating shared random effects (frailties) structures, relaxing the commonly used ``sequential ignorability" assumption, and accounting for unmeasured time-independent confounders through shared random effects. We apply our method to the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA) study and demonstrate that both recurrent opportunistic infections (OIs) and repeated CD4 measurements mediate the effects of prior AIDS-defining conditions on survival outcomes. Additionally, the shared random effects between repeated CD4 and survival models highlight the presence of unmeasured confounding between CD4 counts and mortality. Simulation studies demonstrate the robustness and finite sample performance of our estimators for natural direct and indirect effects. The proposed methodology enables a more comprehensive investigation of causal pathways in longitudinal studies with multiple mediators, providing insights into treatment mechanisms and informing clinical decision-making.

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