Quantum computing poses an urgent and widely recognised threat to global cybersecurity, enabling encrypted government, financial, and healthcare data harvested today to be decrypted in the near future. Transitioning to quantum-safe cryptography is therefore essential, demanding coordinated action across a complex, multi-actor innovation system. Drawing on insights from an expert workshop in Amsterdam, this study develops a socially informed vision for a quantum-safe future and analyses the current innovation landscape to identify critical gaps and the actions needed to address them. We map twelve key actor groups involved in the migration process, finding that regulators exert the strongest direct influence, while standardisation bodies play a crucial indirect role. This research provides one of the first system-level mappings of actors, influence pathways and governance responsibilities shaping the quantum-safe transition, revealing several responsibilities with unclear ownership. Although centred on the Netherlands, our findings are applicable to other national contexts navigating quantum-safe transitions.

翻译：量子计算对全球网络安全构成了紧迫且广泛公认的威胁，使得当前被截获的政府、金融和医疗保健加密数据可能在不久的将来被解密。因此，向量子安全密码学转型至关重要，这需要在复杂、多参与者的创新系统中进行协调行动。本研究借鉴阿姆斯特丹一次专家研讨会的见解，提出了一个具有社会认知的量子安全未来愿景，并分析了当前的创新格局，以识别关键差距及解决这些差距所需的行动。我们绘制了参与迁移过程的十二个关键参与者群体图谱，发现监管机构施加了最强的直接影响，而标准化机构则发挥着关键的间接作用。本研究首次提供了系统层面的参与者、影响路径和治理责任图谱，这些因素共同塑造着量子安全转型，并揭示了几项责任归属不明的现状。尽管以荷兰为中心，但我们的研究发现也适用于其他正在进行量子安全转型的国家背景。