Nanorobotics offers an emerging frontier in biomedicine, holding the potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic applications through its unique capabilities in manipulating biological systems at the nanoscale. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using IEEE Xplore and PubMed databases, resulting in the identification and analysis of a total of 414 papers. The studies were filtered to include only those that addressed both nanorobotics and direct medical applications. Our analysis traces the technology's evolution, highlighting its growing prominence in medicine as evidenced by the increasing number of publications over time. Applications ranged from targeted drug delivery and single-cell manipulation to minimally invasive surgery and biosensing. Despite the promise, limitations such as biocompatibility, precise control, and ethical concerns were also identified. This review aims to offer a thorough overview of the state of nanorobotics in medicine, drawing attention to current challenges and opportunities, and providing directions for future research in this rapidly advancing field.

翻译：纳米机器人为生物医学领域开辟了新兴前沿，其凭借在纳米尺度操纵生物系统的独特能力，有望彻底改变诊断与治疗应用。遵循PRISMA指南，我们使用IEEE Xplore和PubMed数据库进行了全面文献检索，共筛选并分析了414篇论文。研究仅纳入同时涉及纳米机器人和直接医学应用的文献。我们的分析追溯了该技术的发展历程，突显其在医学领域日益增长的重要性，这一点可从随时间推移而增加的论文数量中得到印证。应用范围涵盖靶向药物递送、单细胞操作、微创手术及生物传感等领域。尽管前景广阔，但也识别出生物相容性、精准控制及伦理问题等局限性。本综述旨在全面梳理纳米机器人在医学领域的研究现状，关注当前挑战与机遇，并为这一快速发展的领域指明未来研究方向。