Interacting with multiple objects simultaneously makes us fast. A pre-step to this interaction is to select the objects, i.e., multi-object selection, which is enabled through two steps: (1) toggling multi-selection mode -- mode-switching -- and then (2) selecting all the intended objects -- subselection. In extended reality (XR), each step can be performed with the eyes, hands, and voice. To examine how design choices affect user performance, we evaluated four mode-switching (SemiPinch, FullPinch, DoublePinch, and Voice) and three subselection techniques (Gaze+Dwell, Gaze+Pinch, and Gaze+Voice) in a user study. Results revealed that while DoublePinch paired with Gaze+Pinch yielded the highest overall performance, SemiPinch achieved the lowest performance. Although Voice-based mode-switching showed benefits, Gaze+Voice subselection was less favored, as the required repetitive vocal commands were perceived as tedious. Overall, these findings provide empirical insights and inform design recommendations for multi-selection techniques in XR.

翻译：同时与多个对象进行交互可提升操作效率。此类交互的前置步骤是选择对象，即多对象选择，该过程通过两个步骤实现：(1) 切换多选模式——模式切换，随后(2) 选择所有目标对象——子选择。在扩展现实（XR）环境中，每个步骤均可通过视线、手势和语音完成。为探究设计选择如何影响用户表现，我们通过用户研究评估了四种模式切换技术（SemiPinch、FullPinch、DoublePinch 和 Voice）与三种子选择技术（Gaze+Dwell、Gaze+Pinch 和 Gaze+Voice）。结果显示，虽然 DoublePinch 配合 Gaze+Pinch 实现了最佳综合表现，但 SemiPinch 的表现最差。尽管基于语音的模式切换展现出优势，但 Gaze+Voice 子选择技术认可度较低，因其需要重复的语音指令而被视为繁琐。总体而言，这些发现为 XR 中的多对象选择技术提供了实证依据，并为设计建议提供了参考。