Vehicles equipped with automated driving capabilities have shown potential to improve safety and operations. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) have been widely developed to support vehicular automation. Although the studies on the injury severity outcomes that involve automated vehicles are ongoing, there is limited research investigating the difference between injury severity outcomes for the ADAS and ADS equipped vehicles. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, a multi-source dataset that includes 1,001 ADAS crashes (SAE Level 2 vehicles) and 548 ADS crashes (SAE Level 4 vehicles) is used. Two random parameters multinomial logit models with heterogeneity in the means of random parameters are considered to gain a better understanding of the variables impacting the crash injury severity outcomes for the ADAS (SAE Level 2) and ADS (SAE Level 4) vehicles. It was found that while 67 percent of crashes involving the ADAS equipped vehicles in the dataset took place on a highway, 94 percent of crashes involving ADS took place in more urban settings. The model estimation results also reveal that the weather indicator, driver type indicator, differences in the system sophistication that are captured by both manufacture year and high/low mileage as well as rear and front contact indicators all play a role in the crash injury severity outcomes. The results offer an exploratory assessment of safety performance of the ADAS and ADS equipped vehicles using the real-world data and can be used by the manufacturers and other stakeholders to dictate the direction of their deployment and usage.

翻译：配备自动驾驶功能的车辆已显示出提升安全性与运行效率的潜力。高级驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）与自动驾驶系统（ADS）已得到广泛开发以支持车辆自动化。尽管针对涉及自动驾驶车辆的伤害严重程度结果的研究仍在进行，但探究ADAS与ADS车辆在伤害严重程度结果差异的研究仍较为有限。为确保分析全面性，本研究采用包含1,001起ADAS事故（SAE 2级车辆）与548起ADS事故（SAE 4级车辆）的多源数据集。通过构建两种具有随机参数均值异质性的随机参数多项Logit模型，以深入理解影响ADAS（SAE 2级）与ADS（SAE 4级）车辆事故伤害严重程度结果的关键变量。研究发现：数据集中67%的ADAS车辆事故发生于高速公路，而94%的ADS事故发生在城市环境。模型估计结果同时表明：天气指标、驾驶员类型指标、由制造年份与高/低里程数共同反映的系统先进性差异，以及前后接触碰撞指标，均对事故伤害严重程度结果产生影响。本研究基于真实数据对ADAS与ADS车辆的安全性能进行了探索性评估，相关成果可为制造商及其他利益相关方制定技术部署与应用策略提供参考依据。