Virtual reality (VR) can create compelling experiences that evoke presence, the sense of ``being there.'' However, problems in rendering can create sensorimotor disruptions that undermine presence and task performance. Presence is typically assessed with post-hoc questionnaires, but their coarse temporal resolution limits insight into how sensorimotor disruptions shape user experience. Here, we combined questionnaires with electroencephalography (EEG) to identify neural markers of presence-affecting prediction error in immersive VR. Twenty-five participants performed a grasp-and-place task under two levels of immersion (visual-only vs.~visuo-haptic). Occasional oddball-like sensorimotor disruptions introduced premature feedback to elicit prediction errors. Overall, higher immersion enhanced self-presence but not physical presence, while accuracy and speed improved over time irrespective of immersion. At the neural level, sensorimotor disruptions elicited robust event-related potential effects at FCz and Pz, accompanied by increases in frontal midline $\theta$ and posterior $\alpha$ suppression. Through source analyses localized to anterior-- and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC/PCC) we found that PCC $\alpha$ activity showed heightened sensitivity to disruptions exclusively in visuo-haptic immersion. Exploratory moderation analyses by presence scores revealed no consistent patterns. Together, these results suggest that higher immersion amplifies both the benefits and costs of sensorimotor coherence.

翻译：虚拟现实（VR）能够创造引人入胜的体验，唤起存在感，即“身临其境”的感觉。然而，渲染过程中的问题可能导致感觉运动干扰，从而削弱存在感并影响任务表现。存在感通常通过事后问卷进行评估，但其粗糙的时间分辨率限制了我们对感觉运动干扰如何塑造用户体验的理解。本研究结合问卷与脑电图（EEG），旨在识别沉浸式VR中影响存在感的预测误差的神经标记。25名参与者在两种沉浸水平（仅视觉 vs. 视觉-触觉）下执行抓取放置任务。偶尔出现的类似奇异刺激的感觉运动干扰会引入过早的反馈以诱发预测误差。总体而言，更高的沉浸感增强了自我存在感，但未增强物理存在感；同时，准确性和速度随时间推移而提高，与沉浸水平无关。在神经层面，感觉运动干扰在FCz和Pz处引发了稳健的事件相关电位效应，并伴有额中线θ波增加和后部α波抑制。通过定位至前扣带回和后扣带回皮层（ACC/PCC）的源分析，我们发现PCC的α波活动仅在视觉-触觉沉浸条件下对干扰表现出更高的敏感性。基于存在感得分的探索性调节分析未发现一致的模式。综上所述，这些结果表明，更高的沉浸感会放大感觉运动一致性的益处与代价。