This paper explores the coexistence possibilities of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and blockchain-based cryptocurrencies within a post-quantum computing landscape. It examines the implications of emerging quantum algorithms and cryptographic techniques such as Multi-Party Computation (MPC) and Oblivious Transfer (OT). While exploring how CBDCs and cryptocurrencies might integrate defenses like post-quantum cryptography, it highlights the substantial hurdles in transitioning legacy systems and fostering widespread adoption of new standards. The paper includes comprehensive evaluations of CBDCs in a quantum context. It also features comparisons to alternative cryptocurrency models. Additionally, the paper provides insightful analyses of pertinent quantum methodologies. Examinations of interfaces between these methods and blockchain architectures are also included. The paper carries out considered appraisals of quantum threats and their relevance for cryptocurrency schemes. Furthermore, it features discussions of the influence of anticipated advances in quantum computing on algorithms and their applications. The paper renders the judicious conclusion that long-term coexistence is viable provided challenges are constructively addressed through ongoing collaborative efforts to validate solutions and guide evolving policies.

翻译：本文探讨了在后量子计算背景下，央行数字货币与基于区块链的加密货币共存的可能性。文章研究了新兴量子算法及多方计算与不经意传输等密码技术的影响，在探索央行数字货币和加密货币如何整合后量子密码学等防御措施的同时，重点指出了传统系统转型以及新标准广泛采用所面临的重大挑战。本文包含对量子语境下央行数字货币的全面评估，以及对替代性加密货币模型的比较分析。此外，论文对相关量子方法提供了深入分析，并探讨了这些方法与区块链架构的交互界面。文章还对量子威胁及其对加密货币方案的相关性进行了审慎评估，并讨论了量子计算预期进展对算法及其应用的影响。本文最终得出审慎结论：若能通过持续合作积极应对挑战，验证解决方案并引导政策演进，则长期共存是可行的。