Designing high-performance routing protocols for flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) is challenging due to the diversity of applications and the dynamics of network topology. The existing general-purpose routing protocols for ad hoc networks often oversimplify mobility patterns and disregard the unequal importance of nodes, resulting in suboptimal routing decisions that are unsuitable for task-oriented FANETs. To break the bottleneck, in this paper we propose a betweenness centrality based dynamic source routing (BC-DSR) protocol for a flying ad hoc network (FANET) in marching formation. Firstly, we introduce a Gauss-Markov group (GMG) mobility model based on the leader-follower pattern, which accurately captures the temporal and spatial correlations of node movements in the realistic marching formation. Besides, we exploit the concept of BC defined in graph theory to measure the structural unequal importance of relay nodes, i.e., to determine link weights, in the particular marching formation topology. The path of least cost is calculated relying on a weighted directed graph constructed. The ns-3 based simulation results demonstrate that our BCDSR protocol achieves higher packet-delivery ratio and lower average end-to-end latency and routing overhead ratio than representative benchmark protocols used in FANETs, while maintaining a reasonably small network jitter.

翻译：为飞行自组织网络设计高性能路由协议具有挑战性，这源于应用场景的多样性和网络拓扑的动态性。现有的通用自组织网络路由协议往往过度简化移动模式，并忽视节点重要性的差异，导致路由决策次优，不适用于任务导向的飞行自组织网络。为突破此瓶颈，本文针对行进编队飞行自组织网络，提出一种基于介数中心性的动态源路由协议。首先，我们引入一种基于领导者-跟随者模式的高斯-马尔可夫群组移动模型，该模型能精确刻画实际行进编队中节点运动的时空相关性。此外，我们利用图论中定义的介数中心性概念，来衡量特定行进编队拓扑中中继节点的结构性差异重要性，即确定链路权重。最优路径的计算基于所构建的加权有向图。基于ns-3的仿真结果表明，与飞行自组织网络中使用的代表性基准协议相比，我们的BC-DSR协议实现了更高的数据包投递率、更低的平均端到端时延和路由开销比，同时保持了合理较小的网络抖动。