This paper introduces a new framework for quantum simultaneous information and power transfer (QSIPT), enabling the joint use of quantum states for classical information and energy transfer in quantum communication systems. We propose a novel model in which quantum states are simultaneously used to transmit classical information through a quantum channel and transfer energy to an energy harvesting (EH) receiver. The trade-off between communication rate and harvested energy is characterized by the capacity-power function, which is defined and characterized for both discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) quantum channels. For DV channels, we derive the properties of the capacity-power function, providing analytical upper and lower bounds for the amplitude damping channel and an exact closed-form characterization for the quantum erasure channel. For CV channels, we extend the mathematical framework by introducing a generalized beam-splitter (BS) receiver with adjustable transmissivity, jointly optimized with a transmitter mean-photon-number budget, that splits the channel output between the information decoder and the EH receiver. Specifically, we analyze the capacity-power trade-off under various Gaussian encoding schemes including coherent, squeezed, and thermal states for both lossy bosonic and additive Gaussian noise channels. Closed-form expressions are derived for coherent-state encoding under the joint photon-number-budget and adjustable-transmissivity formulation; squeezed-state inputs are evaluated numerically. Our results show that, within the considered displaced Gaussian encoding class, coherent states achieve the best capacity-power trade-off, squeezed states do not outperform coherent-state encoding under the phase-insensitive channel and passive receiver architecture, and thermal states enable energy transfer without supporting reliable communication.

翻译：本文提出了一种量子同步信息与功率传输（QSIPT）的新框架，实现了量子通信系统中量子态在经典信息传输与能量传递中的联合应用。我们构建了一个创新模型，其中量子态同时用于通过量子信道传输经典信息，并向能量采集（EH）接收器传递能量。通信速率与采集能量之间的权衡由容量-功率函数表征，该函数针对离散变量（DV）和连续变量（CV）量子信道进行了定义与特性分析。对于DV信道，我们推导了容量-功率函数的性质，给出了振幅阻尼信道的解析上下界，以及量子擦除信道的精确闭式表征。对于CV信道，我们通过引入具有可调透射率的广义分束器（BS）接收器扩展了数学框架，该接收器与发射器平均光子数预算联合优化，将信道输出分流至信息解码器与EH接收器。具体而言，我们分析了在涵盖相干态、压缩态和热态的各种高斯编码方案下，有损玻色子信道与加性高斯噪声信道的容量-功率权衡。在联合光子数预算与可调透射率框架下，推导了相干态编码的闭式表达式，并通过数值评估了压缩态输入。结果表明，在所考虑的位移高斯编码类中，相干态实现了最优的容量-功率权衡；在相位不敏感信道与无源接收器架构下，压缩态并未优于相干态编码；而热态虽能实现能量传递，但无法支持可靠的通信。