The seminal work of Goldreich and Ron (\textit{Combinatorica, 1999}) showed that bipartiteness of bounded-degree graphs can be tested using $O(\sqrt{n\log n})$ random walks of length $O(\log^{6} n)$. In this work, we improve their result by showing that $O(\sqrt{n})$ random walks of length $O(\log n)$ suffice. As a corollary, we obtain an $O(\log n)$-pass, $O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$-space streaming algorithm for testing bipartiteness, whose pass complexity is optimal in light of a recent lower bound of Fei, Minzer, and Wang (\textit{arXiv, 2026}). Our proof takes a different approach from that of Goldreich and Ron, using the semidefinite programming relaxation for Max-Cut introduced by Goemans and Williamson (\textit{J. ACM, 1995}).
翻译:Goldreich 和 Ron 的开创性工作(《Combinatorica》,1999年)表明,有界度图的二分性可以通过 $O(\sqrt{n\log n})$ 条长度为 $O(\log^{6} n)$ 的随机游走来测试。在本文中,我们改进了他们的结果,证明了 $O(\sqrt{n})$ 条长度为 $O(\log n)$ 的随机游走就足够了。作为推论,我们获得了一个 $O(\log n)$ 遍、$O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$ 空间的流式算法,用于测试二分性,其遍复杂度在 Fei、Minzer 和 Wang(《arXiv》,2026年)最近的 lower bound 下是最优的。我们的证明采用了与 Goldreich 和 Ron 不同的方法,使用了 Goemans 和 Williamson(《J. ACM》,1995年)引入的用于 Max-Cut 的半定规划松弛。