With the emergence of communication services with stringent requirements such as autonomous driving or on-flight Internet, the sixth-generation (6G) wireless network is envisaged to become an enabling technology for future transportation systems. In this paper, two ways of interactions between 6G networks and transportation are extensively investigated. On one hand, the new usage scenarios and capabilities of 6G over existing cellular networks are firstly highlighted. Then, its potential in seamless and ubiquitous connectivity across the heterogeneous space-air-ground transportation systems is demonstrated, where railways, airplanes, high-altitude platforms and satellites are investigated. On the other hand, we reveal that the introduction of 6G guarantees a more intelligent, efficient and secure transportation system. Specifically, technical analysis on how 6G can empower future transportation is provided, based on the latest research and standardization progresses in localization, integrated sensing and communications, and security. The technical challenges and insights for a road ahead are also summarized for possible inspirations on 6G enabled advanced transportation.

翻译：随着自动驾驶、空中互联网等对通信服务提出严苛要求的新兴业务的出现，第六代（6G）无线网络被视作未来交通系统的使能技术。本文深入探讨了6G网络与交通系统的两种交互方式。一方面，首先重点阐述了6G相较于现有蜂窝网络的新应用场景与能力，随后论证了其在异构空天地交通系统中实现无缝泛在连接的潜力，涉及铁路、飞机、高空平台及卫星等场景。另一方面，我们揭示了6G的引入可保障更智能、高效、安全的交通系统：具体而言，基于定位、通感一体化及安全领域的最新研究与标准化进展，提供了6G赋能未来交通的技术分析。同时总结了技术挑战与前瞻性洞见，以期为6G赋能的先进交通系统提供参考。