Flexible energy resources are increasingly becoming common in smart grids. These resources are typically managed and controlled by aggregators that coordinate many resources to provide flexibility services. However, these aggregators and flexible energy resources are vulnerable, which could allow attackers to remotely control flexible energy resources to launch large-scale attacks on the grid. This paper investigates and evaluates the potential attack strategies that can be used to manipulate flexible energy resources to challenge the effectiveness of traditional grid stability measures and disrupt the first-swing stability of the power grid. Our work shows that although a large amount of power is required, the current flexibility capacities could potentially be sufficient to disrupt the grid on a national level.

翻译：灵活能源资源在智能电网中日益普及。这些资源通常由聚合器管理和控制，聚合器协调众多资源以提供灵活性服务。然而，这些聚合器与灵活能源资源本身存在脆弱性，可能使攻击者能够远程操控灵活能源资源，对电网发起大规模攻击。本文研究并评估了可利用灵活能源资源实施的潜在攻击策略，这些策略可能挑战传统电网稳定性措施的有效性，并破坏电网的首摆稳定性。我们的研究表明，尽管攻击需要大量功率，但当前的灵活性容量可能足以在国家层面造成电网瘫痪。