Cyber-physical systems, also known as CPS, is an emerging field of technology that combines the physical and digital worlds by allowing for seamless interaction and communication between the two. One of the key characteristics of a CPS is its ability to take input from its environment and use that information to produce an output through actuators in the physical world. A balancing robot is a prime example of a CPS, as it uses input from its sensors to continually monitor its orientation and take action to prevent falling over by generating thrust through its wheels or manipulating its inertia. In this specific project, a two-wheel self-balancing robot was developed, utilizing the concept of a reverse pendulum. A reverse pendulum by default is inherently unstable and requires an external force to maintain its balance. In this case, the balancing robot produces this external force through the use of wheels and motors. To achieve precise balancing, stepper motors were utilized in the design of the robot. Additionally, the robot has the capability to move in four basic directions and the movement is controlled through an app connected to the robot via Bluetooth. This allows for remote control and monitoring of the robot's movements and actions. Overall, the development of this two-wheel self-balancing robot serves as a demonstration of the potential and capabilities of cyber-physical systems technology.

翻译：信息物理系统（CPS）是一门新兴技术领域，通过实现物理世界与数字世界的无缝交互与通信，将两者深度融合。CPS的核心特征之一在于能够从环境中获取输入，并利用这些信息通过物理世界中的执行器产生输出。平衡机器人作为CPS的典型范例，通过传感器持续监测自身姿态，并借助轮子产生推力或操控惯性以维持平衡，从而防止倾倒。本项目基于倒立摆原理，开发了一款两轮自平衡机器人。倒立摆本身具有固有不稳定性，需依赖外力维持平衡；本机器人通过车轮与电机产生此外力。为实现精确平衡，设计中采用了步进电机。此外，该机器人具备四向基本运动能力，并通过蓝牙连接手机应用进行远程控制与动作监测。该两轮自平衡机器人的开发，充分展示了信息物理系统技术的潜力与能力。