Blockchain sharding has emerged as a promising solution to the scalability challenges in traditional blockchain systems by partitioning the network into smaller, manageable subsets called shards. Despite its potential, existing sharding solutions face significant limitations in handling dynamic workloads, ensuring secure cross-shard transactions, and maintaining system integrity. To address these gaps, we propose DynaShard, a dynamic and secure cross-shard transaction processing mechanism designed to enhance blockchain sharding efficiency and security. DynaShard combines adaptive shard management, a hybrid consensus approach, plus an efficient state synchronization and dispute resolution protocol. Our performance evaluation, conducted using a robust experimental setup with real-world network conditions and transaction workloads, demonstrates DynaShard's superior throughput, reduced latency, and improved shard utilization compared to the FTBS method. Specifically, DynaShard achieves up to a 42.6% reduction in latency and a 78.77% improvement in shard utilization under high transaction volumes and varying cross-shard transaction ratios. These results highlight DynaShard's ability to outperform state-of-the-art sharding methods, ensuring scalable and resilient blockchain systems. We believe that DynaShard's innovative approach will significantly impact future developments in blockchain technology, paving the way for more efficient and secure distributed systems.

翻译：区块链分片通过将网络划分为称为分片的更小、更易管理的子集，已成为解决传统区块链系统可扩展性挑战的一种有前景的方案。尽管潜力巨大，但现有分片方案在处理动态工作负载、确保安全的跨分片交易以及维护系统完整性方面仍存在显著局限。为弥补这些不足，我们提出了DynaShard——一种动态且安全的跨分片交易处理机制，旨在提升区块链分片的效率与安全性。DynaShard融合了自适应分片管理、混合共识方法，以及高效的状态同步与争议解决协议。我们通过采用真实网络条件和交易工作负载的鲁棒实验设置进行性能评估，结果表明与FTBS方法相比，DynaShard在吞吐量、延迟降低和分片利用率方面均表现更优。具体而言，在高交易量和不同跨分片交易比例下，DynaShard实现了高达42.6%的延迟降低和78.77%的分片利用率提升。这些结果凸显了DynaShard超越现有先进分片方法的能力，能够确保区块链系统的可扩展性和韧性。我们相信DynaShard的创新方法将对区块链技术的未来发展产生重要影响，为构建更高效、更安全的分布式系统铺平道路。