Solar flare prediction studies have been recently conducted with the use of Space-Weather MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager onboard Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) Active Region Patches (SMARP) and Space-Weather HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory) Active Region Patches (SHARP), which are two currently available data products containing magnetic field characteristics of solar active regions. The present work is an effort to combine them into one data product, and perform some initial statistical analyses in order to further expand their application in space weather forecasting. The combined data are derived by filtering, rescaling, and merging the SMARP with SHARP parameters, which can then be spatially reduced to create uniform multivariate time series. The resulting combined MDI-HMI dataset currently spans the period between April 4, 1996, and December 13, 2022, and may be extended to a more recent date. This provides an opportunity to correlate and compare it with other space weather time series, such as the daily solar flare index or the statistical properties of the soft X-ray flux measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). Time-lagged cross-correlation indicates that a relationship may exist, where some magnetic field properties of active regions lead the flare index in time. Applying the rolling window technique makes it possible to see how this leader-follower dynamic varies with time. Preliminary results indicate that areas of high correlation generally correspond to increased flare activity during the peak solar cycle.

翻译：近期太阳耀斑预测研究采用了空间天气MDI（太阳与日球层观测台上迈克尔逊多普勒成像仪）活动区图（SMARP）和空间天气HMI（太阳动力学观测台上日震与磁成像仪）活动区图（SHARP）两类数据产品，二者均包含太阳活动区的磁场特征。本研究致力于整合两类数据为统一产品，并通过初步统计分析进一步拓展其在空间天气预报中的应用。通过滤波、重标定和合并SMARP与SHARP参数获得组合数据，经空间降维后可生成均匀多变量时间序列。整合后的MDI-HMI数据集目前覆盖1996年4月4日至2022年12月13日，并可延伸至更近日期。这为与其他空间天气时间序列（如每日耀斑指数或地球静止轨道环境业务卫星（GOES）测量的软X射线通量统计特性）的相关对比提供了契机。时滞互相关分析表明，活动区某些磁场特性在时间上可能先导于耀斑指数。采用滚动窗口技术可揭示这种领导者-追随者动态随时间的变化规律。初步结果显示，高相关区域通常对应太阳活动峰期耀斑活动的增强期。