A central challenge in data security is not just preventing theft, but detecting whether it has occurred. Classically, this is impossible because a perfect copy leaves no evidence. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, forbids general duplication, opening up new possibilities. We introduce Proofs of No Intrusion, which enable a classical client to remotely test whether a quantum server has been hacked and the client's data stolen. Crucially, the test does not destroy the data being tested, avoiding the need to store a backup elsewhere. We define and construct proofs of no intrusion for ciphertexts assuming fully homomorphic encryption. Additionally, we show how to equip several constructions of unclonable primitives with proofs of non-intrusion, such as unclonable decryption keys and signature tokens. Conceptually, proofs of non-intrusion can be defined for essentially any unclonable primitive. At the heart of our techniques is a new method for non-destructively testing coset states with classical communication. It can be viewed as a non-destructive proof of knowledge of a measurement result of the coset state.

翻译：数据安全的核心挑战不仅在于防止窃取，更在于检测窃取是否发生。经典情形下这是不可能的，因为完美复制不会留下任何痕迹。然而，量子力学禁止普遍复制，从而开辟了新的可能性。我们提出无入侵证明，使得经典客户端能够远程测试量子服务器是否被入侵以及客户端数据是否被盗。关键在于，该测试不会破坏被测试的数据，从而避免了在其他地方存储备份的需要。我们在假设完全同态加密的前提下，定义并构建了针对密文的无入侵证明。此外，我们还展示了如何为多种不可克隆原语配备无入侵证明，例如不可克隆的解密密钥和签名令牌。从概念上讲，无入侵证明几乎可以为任何不可克隆原语定义。我们技术的核心是一种通过经典通信非破坏性测试陪集态的新方法。它可以被视为对陪集态测量结果知识的一种非破坏性证明。