Cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) are key technologies in the Industry 4.0 vision. They incorporate sensors and actuators to interact with the physical environment. However, when creating and interconnecting components to form a heterogeneous smart systems architecture, these face challenges in cybersecurity. This paper presents an experimental investigation of architectural configurations for a LoRaWAN-based Smart-Lighting project, aimed at verifying and improving the system's robustness against attacks. We assess the system's robustness in a series of iterative experiments conducted both in-vitro and on-site. The results show that most attacks on a LoRaWAN network are unsuccessful, also highlighting unresolved issues with the installed products. The most successful attacks are high-power jamming attacks within a few meters of the target, which, in the case of gateways, can be mitigated through gateway redundancy.

翻译：信息物理系统与物联网是工业4.0愿景中的关键技术。它们通过集成传感器和执行器与物理环境进行交互。然而，在创建并互连组件以构建异构智能系统架构时，这些系统面临着网络安全方面的挑战。本文针对一个基于LoRaWAN的智能照明项目，对其架构配置进行了实验研究，旨在验证并提升系统抵御攻击的鲁棒性。我们通过一系列在实验室和现场进行的迭代实验评估了系统的鲁棒性。结果表明，针对LoRaWAN网络的大多数攻击均未成功，同时也揭示了已部署产品中存在的未解决问题。最成功的攻击是在目标数米范围内实施的高功率干扰攻击，对于网关而言，此类攻击可通过网关冗余部署予以缓解。