The widespread use of the Internet has posed challenges to existing centralized physical infrastructure networks. Issues such as data privacy risks, service disruptions, and substantial expansion costs have emerged. To address these challenges, an innovative network architecture called Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network (DePIN) has emerged. DePIN leverages blockchain technology to decentralize the control and management of physical devices, addressing limitations of traditional infrastructure network. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of DePIN, presenting its five-layer architecture, key design principles. Furthermore, it presents a detailed survey of the extant applications, operating mechanisms, and provides an in-depth analysis of market data pertaining to DePIN. Finally, it discusses a wide range of the open challenges faced by DePIN.

翻译：互联网的广泛应用对现有的中心化物理基础设施网络提出了挑战。数据隐私风险、服务中断以及高昂的扩展成本等问题日益凸显。为应对这些挑战，一种创新的网络架构——去中心化物理基础设施网络（DePIN）应运而生。DePIN利用区块链技术，将物理设备的控制与管理去中心化，从而解决了传统基础设施网络的局限性。本文对DePIN进行了全面探讨，阐述了其五层架构和关键设计原则。此外，文章详细综述了DePIN的现有应用、运行机制，并深入分析了相关的市场数据。最后，本文广泛讨论了DePIN面临的一系列开放挑战。