The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions the integration of physical objects into software systems for automating crucial aspects of our lives, such as healthcare, security, agriculture, and city management. Although the vision is promising, with the rapid advancement of hardware and communication technologies, IoT systems are becoming increasingly dynamic, large, and complex to the extent that manual management becomes infeasible. Thus, it is of paramount importance to provide software engineering foundations for constructing autonomic IoT systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel paradigm referred to as self-organizing software models in which IoT software systems are not explicitly programmed, but emerge in a decentralized manner during system operation, with minimal or without human intervention. We particularly present an overview of these models by including their definition, motivation, research challenges, and potential directions.

翻译：物联网(IoT)设想将物理物体纳入软件系统,以实现我们生活的关键方面自动化,例如保健、安全、农业和城市管理。虽然这一愿景很有希望,但随着硬件和通信技术的迅速发展,IoT系统正在变得日益活跃、庞大和复杂,以致于人工管理变得不可行。因此,为建立自动基因化的IoT系统提供软件工程基础至关重要。在本文中,我们引入了一种新型模式,称为自我组织软件模型,其中IoT软件系统没有明确编程,而是在系统运行期间以分散方式出现,只有极少或没有人类干预。我们特别概述了这些模型,包括它们的定义、动机、研究挑战和潜在方向。