Quantum computing introduces unfamiliar security vulnerabilities demanding customized threat models. Hardware and software Trojans pose serious concerns needing rethinking from classical paradigms. This paper develops the first structured taxonomy of Trojans tailored to quantum information systems. We enumerate potential attack vectors across the quantum stack from hardware to software layers. A categorization of quantum Trojan types and payloads is outlined ranging from reliability degradation, functionality corruption, backdoors, and denial-of-service. Adversarial motivations behind quantum Trojans are analyzed. By consolidating diverse threats into a unified perspective, this quantum Trojan taxonomy provides insights guiding threat modeling, risk analysis, detection mechanisms, and security best practices customized for this novel computing paradigm.

翻译：量子计算引入了不熟悉的安全漏洞，需要定制化的威胁模型。硬件和软件特洛伊木马带来了严峻挑战，需要我们从经典范式进行重新思考。本文首次为量子信息系统构建了结构化的特洛伊木马分类体系。我们枚举了从硬件层到软件层的量子栈中潜在的攻击向量。概述了量子特洛伊木马类型及其负载的分类，涵盖可靠性退化、功能损坏、后门及拒绝服务。分析了量子特洛伊木马背后的对抗动机。通过将多样化的威胁整合为统一视角，该量子特洛伊木马分类学为这一新型计算范式定制化的威胁建模、风险分析、检测机制及安全最佳实践提供了指导性见解。