Agile software development emphasizes flexibility and iterative processes, which may conflict with the more linear, rigid, and time-consuming traditional funding and contracting approaches. This review synthesizes real-life experiences of using alternative (non-traditional) contracting and funding approaches. The focus is on identifying approaches that align better with agile principles and understanding the motivations, benefits, and challenges these alternatives present. A systematic literature review was conducted in SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, where we identified 38 relevant peer-reviewed empirical studies from private and public sector contexts. Four alternative funding and four alternative contracting approaches were identified. Organizations were motivated to adopt these alternative approaches because traditional approaches often proved too rigid, conflicted with agile principles, hindered effective client-contractor collaboration, and limited profitability. The benefits of these alternatives included higher client satisfaction, reduced contractor risk, and more efficient resource utilization. Adopting alternative funding and contracting approaches may promote flexibility and efficiency in agile projects but also presents cultural and structural challenges, increases the risk of scope creep and analysis paralysis, and requires additional effort in terms of time and resources. The context of the organization matters highly in selecting a suitable approach, such as the organizational readiness in terms of its leaders, people, and systems. Thus, instead of wholly adopting alternative approaches and introducing changes abruptly, organizations may benefit from starting with hybrid approaches that balance flexibility and control and progressively transition to fully flexible approaches tailored to their needs

翻译：敏捷软件开发强调灵活性与迭代过程，这可能与更为线性、僵化且耗时的传统资金与合同方法产生冲突。本综述综合了使用替代性（非传统）合同与资金方法的实际经验，重点在于识别更符合敏捷原则的方法，并理解这些替代方案的动机、优势与挑战。我们在SCOPUS、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库中进行了系统性文献综述，从私营与公共部门情境中筛选出38篇相关的同行评议实证研究。研究识别出四种替代性资金方法与四种替代性合同方法。组织采用这些替代方法的动机在于：传统方法往往过于僵化、与敏捷原则冲突、阻碍客户与承包商的有效协作并限制盈利空间。替代方法的优势包括更高的客户满意度、降低承包商风险以及更高效的资源利用。采用替代性资金与合同方法可提升敏捷项目的灵活性与效率，但同时也带来文化与结构层面的挑战，增加范围蔓延与分析瘫痪的风险，并需要投入额外的时间与资源。组织情境对选择合适方法至关重要，例如领导层、人员与系统层面的组织准备度。因此，与其全盘采用替代方法并骤然推行变革，组织更宜从平衡灵活性与管控的混合方法入手，逐步过渡到符合自身需求的完全灵活方法。