Aircraft collision avoidance systems is critical to modern aviation. These systems are designed to predict potential collisions between aircraft and recommend appropriate avoidance actions. Creating effective collision avoidance systems requires solutions to a variety of technical challenges related to surveillance, decision making, and validation. These challenges have sparked significant research and development efforts over the past several decades that have resulted in a variety of proposed solutions. This article provides an overview of these challenges and solutions with an emphasis on those that have been put through a rigorous validation process and accepted by regulatory bodies. The challenges posed by the collision avoidance problem are often present in other domains, and aircraft collision avoidance systems can serve as case studies that provide valuable insights for a wide range of safety-critical systems.

翻译：飞机防撞系统对现代航空至关重要。这些系统旨在预测飞机间潜在的碰撞风险，并推荐适当的规避措施。构建有效的防撞系统需要解决与监视、决策和验证相关的诸多技术挑战。过去数十年间，这些挑战引发了大量研发工作，催生了多种解决方案。本文概述了这些挑战与解决方案，重点聚焦于那些经过严格验证流程并获得监管机构认可的方案。防撞问题带来的挑战常存在于其他领域，飞机防撞系统可作为案例研究，为广泛的安全关键系统提供宝贵洞见。