Faroldi argues that deontic modals are hyperintensional and thus traditional modal logic cannot provide an appropriate formalization of deontic situations. To overcome this issue, we introduce novel justification logics as hyperintensional analogues to non-normal modal logics. We establish soundness and completeness with respect to various models and we study the problem of realization.

翻译：Faroldi论证道义模态是超内涵的，因此传统模态逻辑无法恰当形式化道义情境。为克服此问题，我们引入新型确证逻辑作为非正常模态逻辑的超内涵对应物。针对多种模型我们建立了可靠性与完全性，并研究了可实现性问题。