3D food printing enables the customization of food shapes and textures, but typically produces uniform taste profiles due to the limited diversity of printable materials. We present TastePrint, a 3D food printing system that achieves layer-wise spatial taste distribution by dynamically applying liquid seasonings with a programmable airbrush during fabrication. The system integrates (1) a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to import 3D models, slice them into layers, and specify spray positions and intensities for each layer, and (2) a customized 3D food printer equipped with a multi-nozzle spray mechanism. We evaluated the system through technical experiments quantifying spray resolution and deposition accuracy, together with an exploratory usability study involving three home cooks designing personalized taste patterns. The spray-resolution model achieved R2 = 0.86, the spray-amount model achieved R2 = 0.99, and participants completed the design task in approximately 15 min on average. These results indicate that TastePrint can control seasoning placement and quantity with good repeatability while supporting exploratory taste-design workflows. This work establishes a technical foundation for decoupling food geometry from taste design and motivates future sensory studies on personalized, multisensory food fabrication.

翻译：3D食品打印能够定制食品的形状和质地，但由于可打印材料种类有限，通常会产生单一的味道分布。我们提出了TastePrint——一种3D食品打印系统，通过在打印过程中使用可编程喷刷动态施加液体调味品，实现了逐层空间味觉分布。该系统集成了（1）图形用户界面（GUI），允许用户导入3D模型、将其切片为图层，并为每一层指定喷涂位置和强度；以及（2）配备多喷嘴喷涂机构的定制化3D食品打印机。我们通过技术实验评估了该系统，量化了喷涂分辨率和沉积精度，并开展了一项探索性可用性研究，邀请三位家庭厨师设计个性化味觉模式。喷涂分辨率模型的R²达到0.86，喷涂量模型的R²达到0.99，参与者平均耗时约15分钟完成设计任务。这些结果表明，TastePrint能够以良好的可重复性控制调味品的位置和用量，同时支持探索性的味觉设计工作流程。本研究为将食品几何结构与味觉设计解耦奠定了技术基础，并为未来关于个性化、多感官食品制造的感官研究提供了动力。