A process is able to execute a set of actions with a predefined manner, while a truly concurrent process executes this set of actions with a manner with the flavour of true concurrency. The so-called truly concurrent process algebras bridge the true concurrency (such as Petri nets, event structures, etc), and the interleaving concurrency (such as CCS, CSP, ACP, etc). In this paper, we give truly concurrent processes testing and bisimulation semantics followed by Hennessy's great work, which inherits the trinity of operational semantics, axiomatic semantics and denotational semantics.

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