Knowledge distillation transfers representational knowledge from a large teacher network to a compact student. Existing relational and contrastive distillation methods treat all samples uniformly, spending equal gradient on well-matched and poorly-matched regions of the representation space alike. We propose Representational Difference Distillation (RDD), which diagnoses where teacher and student representations structurally disagree and concentrates the distillation signal on those regions. RDD uses two asymmetric affinity matrices that capture opposing directions of misalignment: one identifies samples the student incorrectly considers similar, the other identifies teacher relationships the student has yet to learn. These affinities determine which sample pairs the distillation loss aligns and how strongly it corrects each misaligned sample. On CIFAR-100 with resnet32x4 to resnet8x4, RDD reaches 75.58% test accuracy in our runs, on par with CRD (75.45%) and above KD and RKD. We additionally explore curriculum-based and sampling-based variants, finding that weighting the loss is more effective than filtering the data.

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