In this study, the scientific performance of Italian and Norwegian university professors is analysed using bibliometric indicators. The study is based on over 36,000 individuals and their publication output during the period 2011-2015. Applying a multidimensional indicator in which several aspects of the research performance are captured, we find large differences in the performance of men and women. These gender differences are evident across all analysed levels, such as country, field, and academic position. However, most of the gender differences can be explained by the tails of the distributions-in particular, there is a much higher proportion of men among the top 10% performing scientists. For the remaining 90% of the population, the gender differences are practically non-existent. The results of the two countries, which differ in terms of the societal role of women, are contrasting. Further, we discuss possible biases that are intrinsic in quantitative performance indicators, which might disfavour female researchers.

翻译：在这项研究中,对意大利和挪威大学教授的科学表现进行分析时采用了二元指标,该研究基于2011-2015年期间超过36 000名个人及其出版物产出。运用一个多层面指标,从中捕捉到研究表现的若干方面,我们发现男女的成绩差异很大。这些性别差异在分析的所有级别,如国家、领域和学术职位上都明显可见。然而,大部分性别差异可以用分布的尾巴来解释,特别是,在10 %最优秀的科学家中,男性的比例要高得多。对于其余的90%的人口来说,性别差异实际上不存在。这两个国家在妇女的社会作用方面各不相同,其结果正在形成对比。此外,我们讨论了数量性业绩指标中固有的可能存在的偏差,这可能不利于女性研究人员。