Holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) technology, which uses spatially continuous surfaces for signal transmission and reception, is envisioned to be a promising solution for improving the data rate and coverage of wireless networks. In Parts I and II of this three-part tutorial on HMIMO communications, we provided an overview of channel modeling and highlighted the state-of-the-art in holographic beamforming. In this part, we will discuss the unique properties of HMIMO systems, highlighting the open challenges and opportunities that arise as the transceiver array apertures become denser and electromagnetically larger. Additionally, we explore the interplay between HMIMO and other emerging technologies in next-generation networks.

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