The operationalization of ethics in the technical practices of artificial intelligence (AI) is facing significant challenges. To address the problem of ineffective implementation of AI ethics, we present our diagnosis, analysis, and interventional recommendations from a unique perspective of the real-world implementation of AI ethics through explainable AI (XAI) techniques. We first describe the phenomenon (i.e., the "symptoms") of ineffective implementation of AI ethics in explainable AI using four empirical cases. From the "symptoms", we diagnose the root cause (i.e., the "disease") being the dysfunction and imbalance of power structures in the sociotechnical system of AI. The power structures are dominated by unjust and unchecked power that does not represent the benefits and interests of the public and the most impacted communities, and cannot be countervailed by ethical power. Based on the understanding of power mechanisms, we propose three interventional recommendations to tackle the root cause, including: 1) Making power explicable and checked, 2) Reframing the narratives and assumptions of AI and AI ethics to check unjust power and reflect the values and benefits of the public, and 3) Uniting the efforts of ethical and scientific conduct of AI to encode ethical values as technical standards, norms, and methods, including conducting critical examinations and limitation analyses of AI technical practices. We hope that our diagnosis and interventional recommendations can be a useful input to the AI community and civil society's ongoing discussion and implementation of ethics in AI for ethical and responsible AI practice.

翻译：人工智能（AI）技术实践中伦理的落实正面临重大挑战。为解决AI伦理实施效果不佳的问题，我们从可解释人工智能（XAI）技术实现AI伦理的现实应用这一独特视角，提出了我们的诊断、分析和干预建议。我们首先通过四个实证案例描述了可解释AI中AI伦理实施效果不佳的现象（即“症状”）。从这些“症状”出发，我们诊断其根本原因（即“疾病”）在于AI社会技术系统中权力结构的失调与失衡。这些权力结构被不公正且不受制约的权力所主导，无法代表公众和受影响最严重社区的利益，且无法被伦理权力所制衡。基于对权力机制的理解，我们提出了三项针对根本原因的干预建议，包括：1）使权力可解释且受制约；2）重构AI及AI伦理的叙事与假设，以制约不公正权力并反映公众的价值观与利益；3）联合AI伦理行为与科学实践的力量，将伦理价值编码为技术标准、规范和方法，包括对AI技术实践进行批判性审查和局限性分析。我们希望我们的诊断和干预建议能为AI社群和公民社会当前关于AI伦理的讨论与实践提供有益参考，以促进合乎伦理且负责任的AI实践。