Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT (Conditional Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is an artificial intelligence technology that is fine-tuned using supervised machine learning and reinforcement learning techniques, allowing a computer to generate natural language conversation fully autonomously. ChatGPT is built on the transformer architecture and trained on millions of conversations from various sources. The system combines the power of pre-trained deep learning models with a programmability layer to provide a strong base for generating natural language conversations. In this study, after reviewing the existing literature, we examine the applications, opportunities, and threats of ChatGPT in 10 main domains, providing detailed examples for the business and industry as well as education. We also conducted an experimental study, checking the effectiveness and comparing the performances of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and found that the latter performs significantly better. Despite its exceptional ability to generate natural-sounding responses, the authors believe that ChatGPT does not possess the same level of understanding, empathy, and creativity as a human and cannot fully replace them in most situations.

翻译：由OpenAI开发的ChatGPT（条件生成式预训练Transformer）是一种通过监督式机器学习和强化学习技术微调的人工智能技术，能够使计算机完全自主地生成自然语言对话。ChatGPT基于Transformer架构构建，并经过数百万来自不同来源的对话训练。该系统将预训练深度学习模型的能力与可编程层相结合，为生成自然语言对话提供了坚实基础。本研究在梳理现有文献的基础上，从10个主要领域考察了ChatGPT的应用、机遇与挑战，并针对商业、工业及教育领域提供了详细案例。我们还开展了实验研究，检验了GPT-3.5与GPT-4的有效性并比较了二者的性能表现，发现后者显著优于前者。尽管ChatGPT在生成自然响应方面具备卓越能力，但作者认为其并未达到与人类同等的理解、共情和创造力水平，因此在大多数情况下无法完全替代人类。