The widespread diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems offers many opportunities to contribute to the well-being of individuals and the advancement of economies and societies. This diffusion is, however, closely accompanied by public scandals causing harm to individuals, markets, or society, and leading to the increasing importance of accountability. AI accountability itself faces conceptual ambiguity, with research scattered across multiple disciplines. To address these issues, we review current research across multiple disciplines and identify key dimensions of accountability in the context of AI. We reveal six themes with 13 corresponding dimensions and additional accountability facilitators that future research can utilize to specify accountability scenarios in the context of AI-based systems.

翻译：基于人工智能（AI）的系统广泛普及，为促进个人福祉、推动经济与社会进步提供了诸多机遇。然而，这种普及过程也伴随着诸多对个人、市场或社会造成损害的公共事件，使得问责制的重要性日益凸显。人工智能问责制本身面临概念模糊的问题，相关研究分散在多个学科领域。为应对这些问题，我们梳理了当前跨学科研究进展，识别出人工智能背景下问责制的关键维度。我们揭示了包含13个对应维度的六大主题及附加的问责促进因素，未来研究可借此框架来具体界定基于人工智能系统的问责情景。