Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses both significant risks and valuable opportunities for democratic governance. This paper introduces a dual taxonomy to evaluate AI's complex relationship with democracy: the AI Risks to Democracy (AIRD) taxonomy, which identifies how AI can undermine core democratic principles such as autonomy, fairness, and trust; and the AI's Positive Contributions to Democracy (AIPD) taxonomy, which highlights AI's potential to enhance transparency, participation, efficiency, and evidence-based policymaking. Grounded in the European Union's approach to ethical AI governance, and particularly the seven Trustworthy AI requirements proposed by the European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on AI, each identified risk is aligned with mitigation strategies based on EU regulatory and normative frameworks. Our analysis underscores the transversal importance of transparency and societal well-being across all risk categories and offers a structured lens for aligning AI systems with democratic values. By integrating democratic theory with practical governance tools, this paper offers a normative and actionable framework to guide research, regulation, and institutional design to support trustworthy, democratic AI. It provides scholars with a conceptual foundation to evaluate the democratic implications of AI, equips policymakers with structured criteria for ethical oversight, and helps technologists align system design with democratic principles. In doing so, it bridges the gap between ethical aspirations and operational realities, laying the groundwork for more inclusive, accountable, and resilient democratic systems in the algorithmic age.

翻译：人工智能（AI）对民主治理既构成重大风险，也带来宝贵机遇。本文提出一种双重分类法来评估AI与民主之间的复杂关系：一是“AI对民主的风险”（AIRD）分类法，识别AI如何可能损害自主性、公平性和信任等核心民主原则；二是“AI对民主的积极贡献”（AIPD）分类法，强调AI在增强透明度、公众参与、治理效率及循证决策方面的潜力。基于欧盟的伦理AI治理路径——特别是欧盟委员会人工智能高级别专家组提出的七项可信AI要求——我们将每项已识别的风险与依托欧盟监管及规范框架的缓解策略相对应。我们的分析强调了透明度与社会福祉在所有风险类别中的横向重要性，并为将AI系统与民主价值对齐提供了结构化视角。通过将民主理论与实际治理工具相结合，本文提出了一个兼具规范性与可操作性的框架，用以指导研究、监管和制度设计，以支持可信且符合民主的AI。该框架为学者评估AI的民主影响提供了概念基础，为政策制定者提供了伦理监督的结构化标准，并帮助技术人员将系统设计与民主原则对齐。由此，它在伦理愿景与实际操作之间搭建了桥梁，为算法时代构建更具包容性、问责性和韧性的民主体系奠定了基础。