Early detection of dental disease is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes. Today, dental X-rays are currently the most accurate gold standard for dental disease detection. Unfortunately, regular X-ray exam is still a privilege for billions of people around the world. In this paper, we ask: "Can we develop a low-cost sensing system that enables dental self-examination in the comfort of one's home?" This paper presents ToMoBrush, a dental health sensing system that explores using off-the-shelf sonic toothbrushes for dental condition detection. Our solution leverages the fact that a sonic toothbrush produces rich acoustic signals when in contact with teeth, which contain important information about each tooth's status. ToMoBrush extracts tooth resonance signatures from the acoustic signals to characterize varied dental health conditions of the teeth. We evaluate ToMoBrush on 19 participants and dental-standard models for detecting common dental problems including caries, calculus, and food impaction, achieving a detection ROC-AUC of 0.90, 0.83, and 0.88 respectively. Interviews with dental experts validate ToMoBrush's potential in enhancing at-home dental healthcare.

翻译：牙齿疾病的早期检测对于预防不良后果至关重要。目前，牙科X光片是检测牙齿疾病最准确的金标准。然而，对于全球数十亿人而言，定期进行X光检查仍是一种奢望。在本文中，我们提出疑问：“能否开发一种低成本感知系统，使人们能够在舒适的家中进行牙齿自我检查？”本文介绍了ToMoBrush——一种利用市售声波牙刷进行牙齿状况检测的口腔健康感知系统。我们的解决方案基于以下事实：声波牙刷与牙齿接触时会产生丰富的声学信号，其中包含每颗牙齿状态的重要信息。ToMoBrush从声学信号中提取牙齿共振特征，以表征牙齿的各种口腔健康状况。我们在19名参与者以及牙科标准模型上评估了ToMoBrush对常见牙齿问题（包括龋齿、牙结石和食物嵌塞）的检测效果，其检测的ROC-AUC分别达到0.90、0.83和0.88。与牙科专家的访谈验证了ToMoBrush在增强家庭口腔健康护理方面的潜力。