Hybrid languages like the Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) are essential for programming systems that mix quantum and conventional computing models, while execution of these programs is often deferred to a system-specific implementation. Here, we describe and demonstrate the QIR Execution Engine (QIR-EE) for parsing, interpreting, and executing QIR across multiple hardware platforms. QIR-EE uses LLVM to execute hybrid instructions specifying quantum programs and, by design, presents extension points that support customized runtime and hardware environments. We demonstrate an implementation that uses the XACC quantum hardware-accelerator library to dispatch prototypical quantum programs on different commercial quantum platforms and numerical simulators, and we validate execution of QIR-EE on the IonQ Harmony and Quantinuum H1-1 hardware. Our results highlight the efficiency of hybrid executable architectures for handling mixed instructions, managing mixed data, and integrating with quantum computing frameworks to realize cross-platform execution.

翻译：混合语言如量子中间表示（QIR）对于编程混合量子与经典计算模型的系统至关重要，而这些程序的执行通常被推迟到特定系统的实现中。本文描述并展示了量子中间表示执行引擎（QIR-EE），用于跨多个硬件平台解析、解释和执行QIR。QIR-EE利用LLVM执行指定量子程序的混合指令，并通过设计提供支持定制化运行时和硬件环境的扩展点。我们演示了一种实现，该实现使用XACC量子硬件加速器库在不同的商业量子平台和数值模拟器上分发原型量子程序，并在IonQ Harmony和Quantinuum H1-1硬件上验证了QIR-EE的执行效果。我们的结果凸显了混合可执行架构在处理混合指令、管理混合数据以及与量子计算框架集成以实现跨平台执行方面的效率。