Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) has emerged as a means to efficiently utilize spectrum and thereby save cost and power. At the higher end of the spectrum, ISAC systems operate at wideband using large antenna arrays to meet the stringent demands for high-resolution sensing and enhanced communications capacity. On the other hand, the overall design should satisfy energy-efficiency and hardware constraints such as operating on low resolution components for a practical scenario. Therefore, this paper presents the design of Hybrid ANalog and Digital BeAmformers with Low resoLution (HANDBALL) digital-to-analog converters (DACs). We introduce a greedy-search-based approach to design the analog beamformers for multi-user multi-target ISAC scenario. Then, the quantization distortion is taken into account in order to design the baseband beamformer with low resolution DACs. We evaluated performance of the proposed HANDBALL technique in terms of both spectral efficiency and sensing beampattern, providing a satisfactory sensing and communication performance for both one-bit and few-bit designs.

翻译：集成感知与通信（ISAC）已成为有效利用频谱从而节省成本和功耗的重要手段。在频谱的高频段，ISAC系统通过使用大规模天线阵列进行宽带操作，以满足高分辨率感知和增强通信容量的严格要求。另一方面，整体设计应满足能效和硬件限制，例如在实际场景中使用低分辨率组件。因此，本文提出了采用低分辨率数模转换器（DAC）的混合模拟与数字波束成形器（HANDBALL）设计方案。针对多用户多目标的ISAC场景，我们提出了一种基于贪婪搜索的方法来设计模拟波束成形器。随后，在考虑量化失真的情况下设计了适用于低分辨率DAC的基带波束成形器。我们从频谱效率和感知波束方向图两方面评估了所提出的HANDBALL技术的性能，结果表明该设计在单比特和少比特配置下均能提供令人满意的感知与通信性能。