The production of knowledge has become increasingly a global endeavor. Yet, location related factors, such as local working environment and national policy designs, may continue to affect what kind of science is being pursued. Here we examine the geography of the production of creative science by country, through the lens of novelty and atypicality proposed in Uzzi et al. (2013). We quantify a country's representativeness in novel and atypical science, finding persistent differences in propensity to generate creative works, even among developed countries that are large producers in science. We further cluster countries based on how their tendency to publish novel science changes over time, identifying one group of emerging countries. Our analyses point out the recent emergence of China not only as a large producer in science but also as a leader that disproportionately produces more novel and atypical research. Discipline specific analysis indicates that China's over-production of atypical science is limited to a few disciplines, especially its most prolific ones like materials science and chemistry.

翻译：知识生产日益成为一项全球性事业。然而，地理位置相关因素，如本地工作环境和国家政策设计，可能持续影响着所从事科学研究的类型。本文通过Uzzi等人（2013）提出的新颖性与非典型性视角，从国家层面考察创造性科学产出的地理分布。我们量化了各国在新颖与非典型科学中的代表性，发现即使在作为科学产出的主要发达国家之间，产生创造性成果的倾向性仍存在持续差异。我们进一步根据各国发表新颖科学的趋势随时间变化的情况进行聚类分析，识别出一个新兴国家群体。我们的分析指出，中国近年来不仅作为科学产出的主要国家崛起，更成为不成比例地产出更多新颖与非典型研究的引领者。学科特异性分析表明，中国对非典型科学的超额产出仅限于少数领域，尤其在其最高产的学科如材料科学与化学中最为显著。