Understanding associations between paired high-dimensional longitudinal datasets is a fundamental yet challenging problem arising across scientific domains, including longitudinal multi-omic studies. The difficulty stems from the complex, time-varying cross-covariance structure coupled with high dimensionality, which complicates both model formulation and statistical estimation for association discovery. To address these challenges, we propose a new framework called Functional-Aggregated Cross-covariance Decomposition (FACD), tailored to analyzing associations in paired high-dimensional longitudinal datasets through a statistically efficient procedure. Unlike existing methods that are limited to low-dimensional data or rely on parametric modeling of temporal dynamics, FACD is capable of learning temporal structure by aggregating high-dimensional signals and accommodating variable selection to identify the most temporally associated features across datasets. We establish statistical guarantees for FACD and demonstrate its advantages over existing approaches through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we apply FACD to a longitudinal multi-omic human study, revealing blood molecules with time-varying associations across omic layers during acute exercise.

翻译：暂无翻译