OPC UA is an industry-standard machine-to-machine communication protocol in the Industrial Internet of Things. It relies on time-sensitive networking to meet the real-time requirements of various applications. Time-sensitive networking is implemented through various queueing disciplines (qdiscs), including Time Aware Priority, Multiqueue Priority, Earliest TxTime First, and Credit-Based Shaper. Despite their significance, prior studies on these qdiscs have been limited to a few. They have often been confined to point-to-point network topologies using proprietary software or specialized hardware. This study builds upon existing research by evaluating all these qdiscs in point-to-point and bridged topologies using open-source software on commercial off-the-shelf hardware. We first identify the optimal configuration for each qdisc and then compare their jitter, latency, and reliability through experiments. Our results show that open-source OPC UA on commercial off-the-shelf hardware can effectively meet the stringent real-time requirements of many industrial applications and provide a foundation for future research and practical deployments.

翻译：OPC UA是工业物联网中一种行业标准的机器对机器通信协议。它依赖时间敏感网络来满足各种应用的实时性要求。时间敏感网络通过多种排队规则实现，包括时间感知优先级、多队列优先级、最早发送时间和基于信用的整形器。尽管这些排队规则至关重要，但先前针对它们的研究仅限于少数几种，且往往局限于使用专有软件或专用硬件的点对点网络拓扑。本研究在现有研究基础上，评估了所有上述排队规则在点对点网络及桥接拓扑中的表现，所有实验均使用开源软件在商用现货硬件上进行。我们首先确定每种排队规则的最优配置，然后通过实验对比其抖动、延迟和可靠性。结果显示，基于商用现货硬件的开源OPC UA能够有效满足许多工业应用对实时性的严格要求，并为未来的研究及实际部署提供了基础。