Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) present unique challenges due to high node mobility, dynamic topologies, and strict resource constraints. Existing routing protocols often optimize for a single metric, such as path length or energy, while neglecting the complex dependencies between network performance, security, and MAC layer efficiency. This paper introduces a novel hardware software co design framework for secure and adaptive UAV swarm communications, featuring an energy aware protocol stack. The architecture employs a multicast, clustered organization where routing decisions integrate dynamic trust scores, historical link quality, and internodal distance. A hybrid MAC protocol combines contention based and scheduled channel access for optimized throughput. Security is ensured through a zero trust model that fuses cryptographic authentication with a behavioral reputation system, alongside hardware accelerated AES GCM encryption. Comparative analysis in an NS 3 simulation environment demonstrates the framework's superiority in packet delivery ratio, latency, resilience, and overhead, providing a scalable foundation for high performance swarm operations.

翻译：飞行自组织网络（FANETs）因其节点高移动性、动态拓扑和严格的资源约束而面临独特挑战。现有路由协议通常仅针对单一指标（如路径长度或能耗）进行优化，而忽视了网络性能、安全性与MAC层效率之间的复杂依赖关系。本文提出了一种新颖的软硬件协同设计框架，用于实现安全且自适应的无人机集群通信，其特点是具备能量感知协议栈。该架构采用多播集群化组织方式，其中路由决策集成了动态信任评分、历史链路质量以及节点间距离。一种混合MAC协议结合了基于竞争和基于调度的信道接入机制，以实现吞吐量优化。安全性通过零信任模型得到保障，该模型融合了密码学认证与行为信誉系统，并辅以硬件加速的AES-GCM加密。在NS-3仿真环境中的对比分析表明，该框架在分组投递率、时延、抗毁性和开销方面均具有优越性，为高性能集群操作提供了可扩展的基础。