Human-AI interfaces play a pivotal role in integrating clinicians' expertise with artificial intelligence to enhance both healthcare practice and research. However, designing effective interfaces in this domain remains a significant challenge. The inherent complexity of medical data, the influence of domain-specific conventions, and the diverse needs of clinical users compound the challenge of developing practical and usable solutions. In this study, we review existing solutions and synthesize a set of design patterns - recurring approaches that support the design of human-AI interfaces in clinical settings. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of human-AI interaction designs in clinical contexts, through which we identified 15 information entities commonly presented to users and 12 design patterns used to organize and communicate this information effectively. For each design pattern, we summarize the underlying design problem, the proposed solution, and the rationale for when the pattern should or should not be applied, based on insights from both the literature and semi-structured interviews with 12 healthcare professionals. We evaluated the proposed design patterns through an online workshop involving 14 experienced UI designers. During the workshop, participants were asked to create interface sketches for healthcare-related scenarios drawn from their own professional experience, using our design patterns as guidance. Our findings show that the proposed design patterns helped participants ground their designs in user needs, generate a wider range of design alternatives, and simplify complex interface structures. We further analyzed and summarized the participants' usage strategies and feedback regarding the applicability and usefulness of the design patterns.

翻译：人机交互界面在整合临床医生专业知识与人工智能以提升医疗实践与研究水平方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在该领域设计有效的界面仍面临重大挑战。医疗数据固有的复杂性、领域特定规范的影响以及临床用户需求的多样性，共同加剧了开发实用且可用解决方案的难度。本研究通过梳理现有解决方案，综合提出一套设计模式——即在临床环境中支持人机交互界面设计的可复用方法。我们对临床背景下的人机交互设计进行了系统的文献综述，识别出15种常向用户呈现的信息实体，以及12种用于有效组织和传递这些信息的设计模式。针对每种设计模式，我们基于文献分析和与12位医疗专业人员的半结构化访谈，总结了其对应的核心设计问题、解决方案，以及适用与不适用该模式的理论依据。我们通过一场有14位经验丰富的用户界面设计师参与的线上研讨会，对所提出的设计模式进行了评估。在研讨会中，参与者被要求以我们的设计模式为指导，结合自身专业经验中的医疗相关场景，绘制界面草图。研究结果表明，所提出的设计模式有助于参与者将设计建立在用户需求基础上，生成更广泛的设计方案，并简化复杂的界面结构。我们进一步分析和总结了参与者对设计模式的使用策略，以及关于其适用性和实用性的反馈。