Research in the area of secure multi-party computation with an unconventional method of using a physical deck of playing cards began in 1989 when den Boar proposed a protocol to compute the logical AND function using five cards. Since then, the area has gained interest from many researchers and several card-based protocols to compute various functions have been developed. In this paper, we propose a card-based protocol called the overwriting protocol that can securely compute the $k$-candidate $n$-variable equality function $f: \{0,1,\ldots ,k-1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$. We also apply the technique used in this protocol to compute other similar functions.

翻译：自1989年den Boar提出使用五张扑克牌计算逻辑AND函数的协议以来，利用物理扑克牌这一非传统方法进行安全多方计算的研究领域开始兴起。此后，该领域吸引了众多研究者的兴趣，并开发出多种基于纸牌的函数计算协议。本文提出了一种称为重写协议的纸牌协议，该协议可安全计算$k$候选$n$变量等式函数$f: \{0,1,\ldots ,k-1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$。我们还将该协议中的技术应用于其他相似函数的计算。