Energy-harvesting (EH) Internet of Things (IoT) devices operate under intermittent energy availability, which disrupts task execution and makes energy-intensive over-the-air (OTA) updates particularly challenging. Conventional OTA update mechanisms rely on reboots and incur significant overhead, rendering them unsuitable for intermittently powered systems. Recent live OTA update techniques reduce reboot overhead but still lack mechanisms to ensure consistency when updates interact with runtime execution. This paper presents AERO, an Adaptive and Efficient Runtime-Aware OTA update mechanism that integrates update tasks into the device's Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and schedules them alongside routine tasks under energy and timing constraints. By identifying update-affected execution regions and dynamically adjusting dependencies, AERO ensures consistent up date integration while adapting to intermittent energy availability. Experiments on representative workloads demonstrate improved update reliability and efficiency compared to existing live update approaches.

翻译：能量收集物联网设备在间歇性能源供应下运行，这既会中断任务执行，也使高能耗的空中更新尤为困难。传统的空中更新机制依赖重启操作且产生显著开销，使其不适用于间歇供电系统。近期的实时空中更新技术虽降低了重启开销，但仍缺乏在更新与运行时执行交互时确保一致性的机制。本文提出AERO，一种自适应高效的运行时感知空中更新机制，它将更新任务集成到设备的有向无环图中，并在能量与时间约束下将其与常规任务一同调度。通过识别受更新影响的执行区域并动态调整依赖关系，AERO在适应间歇性能源供应的同时，确保了更新集成的一致性。在典型工作负载上的实验表明，相较于现有实时更新方法，AERO显著提升了更新的可靠性与效率。